Back-up is the operation done to prevent data loss. The principle is to make copies of particular data in order to use those copies for restoring the information if a failure occurred (a data loss event due to deletion, corruption, theft etc.). The back-up can be done manually (copying the data to a different location) or automatically using a backup program, such as Backup4all which you can easily download below (opens in new window so you can still continue reading the article):
Each program has its own approach in executing the backup, but there are four common backup types implemented and generally used in most of these programs: full backup, differential backup, incremental backup and mirror backup. A type of backup actually defines how the data is copied from the source to the destination and lays the grounds of a data repository model (how the back-up is stored and structured).
The image below provides an overview comparison between these backup types, for detailed information about each read the rest of the article:
Full backup
Full backup is the starting point for all other types of backup and contains all the data in the folders and files that are selected to be backed up. Because full backup stores all files and folders, frequent full backups result in faster and simpler restore operations. Remember that when you choose other backup types, restore jobs may take longer. As an example, for a full backup job that runs four times the representation below is conclusive on how the backed up data will grow with every run:
Since this is the foundation of all other backup types, a detailed article explains it thoroughly: What is full backup?
Differential backup
Differential backup contains all files that have changed since the last FULL backup. The advantage of a differential backup is that it shortens restore time compared to a full backup or an incremental backup. However, if you perform the differential backup too many times, the size of the differential backup might grow to be larger than the baseline full backup. In the image below you can see an example on how a differential backup would look like for a backup job that runs four times:
Read the differential backup page for more details.
Incremental backup
Incremental backup stores all files that have changed since the last FULL, DIFFERENTIAL OR INCREMENTAL backup. The advantage of an incremental backup is that it takes the least time to complete. However, during a restore operation, each incremental backup must be processed, which could result in a lengthy restore job. The representation below shows how a backup job running four times would look like when using incremental:
This is one of the most popular backup types, you can find more about it and how to use incremental in a backup strategy here: incremental backups.
Mirror backup
Mirror backup is identical to a full backup, with the exception that the files are not compressed in zip files and they can not be protected with a password. A mirror backup is most frequently used to create an exact copy of the source data. It has the benefit that the backup files can also be readily accessed using tools like Windows Explorer. The image below shows how a mirror backup job would look after four iterations (first mirror will back-up everything, subsequent fast mirror backups will back-up only new/modified files):
